Wlidlife Extinction

Problem:

What is the definition of extinction? Extinction in biology and ecology refers to the end of an organism which is normally a last surviving individual animal species that dies on the surface of earth and cannot recover again to start a new generation.

Five massive wildlife extinctions were recorded on over the ancient histories; four of them occurred about 3.5 billion years back and several species died or disappeared permanently and could never been traced. The first huge extinction got named as the Great Dying because 90% of the species disappeared in this incident.

Olson’s Extinction was another mass extinction which shook the planet and many species have been wiped out among dinosaurs’ species 65 million years back.

The virtual age of a particular wildlife species is about 10 million years on earth and new types of species arise in the next era to continue the same life scenario.

Causes:

The first main reason of extinction of many rare wildlife species is natural disasters such as volcanos. Volcanic lava had the most effect in killing wildlife animals and plants by destroying the soil and the forests via spreading the poisons through the huge amount of dark smoke caused by volcanic explosions. Earth quakes had almost the same percentages of compromising the food chain and have led to the death of species.

The second major factor is man-made causes which are still compromising wildlife by polluting the rivers especially the longest river on earth the Amazon causing Ebola. Polluting the air with greenhouse gases and ruining the earth's atmosphere is causing the death of lots of rare species. Destroying the animal's environment by chopping the forests down and burning them just to make extra cash and gain revenues to increase business men's profits. Humans are getting civilized year after year and looking toward more landscapes to build modern cities that include personal and industrial properties. Skyscrapers, schools, houses, hospitals are the most beneficial buildings. Moreover people are the ones who are making their products and killing innocent creatures by stripping animal skins out to tailor luxury clothes, shoes, handbags to tempt women, to gain as much profit as possible.

Solution:

We came across the problems and causes led to extinction of wildlife. In 1972, India legislation started in protection acts and which began planning the solutions to organize the methods to save those species. Birds and animals were hunted and killed by large numbers of outlawed humans. Therefore establishing facilities, sanctuaries and national parks helped a lot in protecting the rare animals and at the same time started to educate people about how important these species are to be a live in our planet's nature.

Protection acts are now adding some efforts and activities about saving the rare species from extinction and any offenders who are getting caught while hunting rare animals are considered killers and violators of law therefore they will be interrogated by natural protection departments, police and some local authorities to fulfill the justice and stop killing innocent creatures.   

Penalties have been deployed against violators and it consists either of going to a court of law or paying large amounts of money to the government measures are taken by the local authorities to prevent bounty hunters to complete the negligent and random killing on governmental territories.

 

 

References:-

Ref # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_causes_of_wildlife_extinction

History of Air Balloons (Part 3)

Modern air balloons comes with an on board heat resources which was invented back in 1950s by pioneered Ed Yost who brought this idea to live and was the first person uses this type of technology around the world; nowadays the hot air balloons are not being used for all types of air force technology and transportation as it used to be in the past decades and centuries but it is now used for recreation and enjoyment purposes and it is recognized in a numerous types of sport championships around the globe.

Currently air balloons are incredibly popular for pastime in the United States and Europe since 1960s and the reason of its becoming famous and breathtaking is the tremendous views while they're in the sky and the calm climate which is close to silence, they are now considered the ideal fly for a romantic and fun outings.

Cameron balloons is the largest air balloon manufacturer world wide and its based in Bristol, England and as per the statistics shown back in December 2007 that Cameron company manufactured around 500 air balloons which makes it the only company who could achieve such number in air balloon history. Spain comes in a second place of air balloon manufacturing under company names Ultrmagic which produces 80 to 120 balloons per year.

History of Air Balloons (Part 2)

Development:

In 1783 a balloon made the first test, trying to fly a few animals. Back in that time balloons were made of a very thin type of wood and a taffeta cloth covering the top and the sides of the chamber.

Then they moved to the gas technology when they used hydrogen to fly the balloon, but they didn’t stop at this point, they invented the hot air and gas balloon (hybrid) and two years later, de Rozier began thinking about flying across the English Channel to compensate for the shortcomings of the two types of balloons as he combined a hydrogen envelope with a small hot-air envelope below it. Hydrogen provided the basic lift, while the hot-air balloon system allowed him to control his flight without having to constantly drop ballast or release gas. His balloon, christened Tour de Calais, was brilliantly decorated with artwork and metallic gilding. According to modern investigations, the metallic coating caused a static discharge that ignited the varnished envelope some 30 minutes after its launch from Boulogne on June 15, 1785. De Rozier and his passenger, Pierre-Jules Romain, died within minutes of the ensuing crash, becoming the first balloon fatalities. Despite this tragic failure, de Rozier’s invention eventually succeeded in the ultimate trans global balloon voyage two centuries later

Later in 1950 they invented the super pressure balloons as soon as they discovered the rightful material to build this balloon.

Nowadays balloons are not being used to travel around the word. However the principle that been used to build it is being used across military and aircraft builder.

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http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1424455/balloon-flight/275471/Historical-development

History of Air Balloons (Part 1)

Introduction:

The hot air balloon is one of the oldest and most successful flight technologies; it was once used to carry passengers to travel across the region. Then it was used for military purposes, nowadays it is mostly used for tourism.

Almost three centuries ago the hot air balloons were invented and they were tested on animals, On the 19th September 1783 by Pilatre De Rozier, a scientist who built and launched the first hot air balloon ever and he named it 'Aerostat Reveillon'. The passengers were a sheep, a duck and a rooster and the balloon stayed in the air for a grand total of 15 minutes before crashing back to the ground.

The hot air balloons have started an era in transport where scientists started looking on air travel and space travel. Scientists started building air balloons that can go higher than 100,000 feet with a capsule (where the passengers will be) to balance the air pressure in the balloon so it may flew as higher as it can get.

Unfortunately they are not the most popular travel methods nowadays. Scientists are going more on wings and jet airplanes although this technology was of the most powerful invention ever at that period in mankind history.

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 http://www.eballoon.org/history/history-of-ballooning.html

 

Reflection

We have completed three summaries since we started this course, summary one was about desert horsemen which was a pre practice and start of the beginning in getting used on how to do the summaries correctly, summary two was a very interesting subject where findings were about to keep ourselves and our families safe about road crashes and finally comes our third summary which was concerned about bringing heritage back into life again by providing an insight tour into pearl diving trade.

Mr. Hedley worked with us a lot in providing his guidance, corrections and fixing our grammar in our summaries we given and he taught us how to correct our own work but in case we failed to do so he shows up right away to correct it for us and provide us an extra experience about the way of writing summaries.

As a conclusion of the above in writing summaries, I shall say that I have become more confident and gained more experience and knowledge to complete more summaries closely to a perfect way in fixing my own grammar to get as much as I can of good grades.

 

Road Crashes

Road crashes are the main cause of child death in the UAE.

As per the traffic statistics provided by Dubai Health Authority officials car crashes cause the highest number of fatalities amongst infants and children under the age of 14.

Due to the high number of deaths, The UAE government announced a new law which prohibits children to sit in the front seats if they’re below the age of 10 years old but 28% are still underestimating the crisis of their actions.

The child safety-car seats campaign is organized by Souad Al Merri who is the campaign organizer and designated as the media supervisor of Sharjah Ladies club and she believes authorities need to make more efforts to gain the success of this campaign.

Each organization played its own role that made accidents reduced by 50-75% and the mission of this campaign is to reach 40 percent by 2015.

And the best way to keep infants up to 14 years old to be safe from car crashes is to keep child seats in the back seat and wear a seat belt at all times in the car in order to avoid unforgivable mistakes and try to keep our children safe.

Desert Horsemen

In the heart of desert of the RAK desert, There are tribes who still live a traditional life, therefore some tribes men used to stay awake or take shift based watches to secure their tribe from outside threats.

Nowadays, The UAE has what we call desert horsemen who cover all seven emirates deserts especially the places that cannot be reached by cars.

Groups of 6 to 8 horsemen of RAK police start their evening watch with their leader Lt Col Khaled Hamad Al Merri who runs the horsemen patrol division in RAK police force.

They go in pairs over many areas to cover as much as they can of the night watch and they only communicate through walkie-talkie radio devices and mobile phones.

It is unfortunate that Lt Col Al Merri is the only local officer in the horsemen force and several recruiting potential were provided but all failed but it is important to have a horsemen force to maintain security in remote areas.

Tour provides insight into pearl diving

In the 1800s Emiratis were doing pearl diving business which used to be the only economic trade with goods at that period of time and people used to the old ancient wooden boats called dhows where they spent months at the sea to find as many as possible black and pink pearls.

Emirates Marine Environmental Group (EMEG) and Jumairah have jointly formed a new pearl diving tour off Palm Jebel Ali to reconnect this habit by giving up to 20 paid guests a chance to travel back in time.

The president of EMEG invited journalists from the Gulf News to a dhow tour and how to fetch oysters plus how to shell the creatures.

Pearl diving tours attempt to create an authentic experience by offering traditional diving clothes, fish and rice dishes cooked aboard and sharing old time stories.

They are looking forward to revive a heritage that faded away but for hundreds of years was the sole source of income.